The circumferential stress, also known as tangential stress, in a tank or pipe can be determined by applying the concept of fluid pressure against curved surfaces. The wall of a tank or pipe carrying fluid under pressure is subjected to tensile forces across its longitudinal and transverse sections.
Problem 249
There is a radial clearance of 0.05 mm when a steel tube is placed over an aluminum tube. The inside diameter of the aluminum tube is 120 mm, and the wall thickness of each tube is 2.5 mm. Compute the contact pressure and tangential stress in each tube when the aluminum tube is subjected to an internal pressure of 5.0 MPa.
Problem 226
A 2-in.-diameter steel tube with a wall thickness of 0.05 inch just fits in a rigid hole. Find the tangential stress if an axial compressive load of 3140 lb is applied. Assume ν = 0.30 and neglect the possibility of buckling.
Problem 142
A pipe carrying steam at 3.5 MPa has an outside diameter of 450 mm and a wall thickness of 10 mm. A gasket is inserted between the flange at one end of the pipe and a flat plate used to cap the end. How many 40-mm-diameter bolts must be used to hold the cap on if the allowable stress in the bolts is 80 MPa, of which 55 MPa is the initial stress? What circumferential stress is developed in the pipe? Why is it necessary to tighten the bolt initially, and what will happen if the steam pressure should cause the stress in the bolts to be twice the value of the initial stress?
Problem 141
The tank shown in Fig. P-141 is fabricated from 1/8-in steel plate. Calculate the maximum longitudinal and circumferential stress caused by an internal pressure of 125 psi.
Problem 138
The strength of longitudinal joint in Fig. 1-17 is 33 kips/ft, whereas for the girth is 16 kips/ft. Calculate the maximum diameter of the cylinder tank if the internal pressure is 150 psi.
Problem 137
A water tank, 22 ft in diameter, is made from steel plates that are 1/2 in. thick. Find the maximum height to which the tank may be filled if the circumferential stress is limited to 6000 psi. The specific weight of water is 62.4 lb/ft3.
Problem 135
Calculate the minimum wall thickness for a cylindrical vessel that is to carry a gas at a pressure of 1400 psi. The diameter of the vessel is 2 ft, and the stress is limited to 12 ksi.
Problem 133
A cylindrical steel pressure vessel 400 mm in diameter with a wall thickness of 20 mm, is subjected to an internal pressure of 4.5 MN/m2. (a) Calculate the tangential and longitudinal stresses in the steel. (b) To what value may the internal pressure be increased if the stress in the steel is limited to 120 MN/m2? (c) If the internal pressure were increased until the vessel burst, sketch the type of fracture that would occur.
