Considering Head Loss

Problem 19
A pump draws water from reservoir A and lifts it to reservoir B as shown in Figure 4-10. The loss of head from A to 1 is 3 times the velocity head in the 150-mm pipe and the loss of head from 2 to B is 20 times the velocity head in the 100-mm pipe. Compute the horsepower output of the pump and the pressure heads at 1 and 2 when the discharge is: (a) 12 L/s; (b) 36 L/s.
 

Problem 18
Figure 4-09 shows a siphon discharging oil (sp gr 0.90). The siphon is composed of 3-in. pipe from A to B followed by 4-in. pipe from B to the open discharge at C. The head losses are from 1 to 2, 1.1 ft; from 2 to 3, 0.7 ft; from 3 to 4, 2.5 ft. Compute the discharge, and make table of heads at point 1, 2, 3, and 4.
 

Problem 17
In Figure 4-08 is shown a siphon discharging water from reservoir A into the air at B. Distance 'a' is 1.8 m, 'b' is 6 m, and the diameter is 150 mm throughout. If there is a frictional loss of 1.5 m between A and the summit, and 1.5 m between the summit and B, what is the absolute pressure at the summit in kiloPascal? Also determine the rate of discharge in cubic meter per second and in gallons per minute.
 

Problem 16
A pump (Figure 4-07) takes water from a 200-mm suction pipe and delivers it to a 150-mm discharge pipe in which the velocity is 3.6 m/s. The pressure is -35 kPa at A in the suction pipe. The 150-mm pipe discharges horizontally into air at C. To what height h above B can the water be raised if B is 1.8 m above A and 20 hp is delivered to the pump? Assume that the pump operates at 70 percent efficiency and that the frictional loss in the pipe between A and C is 3 m.
 

Problem 14
Water discharges through an orifice in the side of a large tank shown in Figure 4-06. The orifice is circular in cross section and 50 mm in diameter. The jet is the same diameter as the orifice. The liquid is water, and the surface elevation is maintained at a height h of 3.8 m above the center of the jet. Compute the discharge: (a) neglecting loss of head; (b) considering the loss of head to be 10 percent of h.
 

Problem 13
The 150-mm pipe line shown in Figure 4-05 conducts water from the reservoir and discharge at a lower elevation through a nozzle which has a discharge diameter of 50 mm. The water surface in the reservoir 1 is at elevation 30 m, the pipe intake 2 and 3 at elevation 25 m and the nozzle 4 and 5 at elevation 0. The head losses are: from 1 to 2, 0; from 2 to 3, 0.6 m; from 3 to 4, 9 m; from 4 to 5, 3 m. Compute the discharge and make a table showing elevation head, pressure head, and total head at each of the five points.
 

Problem 12
In Figure 4-04, a 50 mm pipeline leads downhill from a reservoir and discharges into air. If the loss of head between A and B is 44.2 m, compute the discharge.
 

Problem 11
A horizontal pipe carries 30 cfs of water. At A the diameter is 18 in. and the pressure is 10 psi. At B the diameter is 36 in. and the pressure is 10.9 psi. Determine the head lost between the two points.
 

Problem 8
In Figure 4-04, with 35 L/s of sea water (sp gr 1.03) flowing from 1 to 2, the pressure at 1 is 100 kPa and at 2 is -15 kPa. Point 2 is 6 m higher than point 1. Compute the lost energy in kPa between 1 and 2.
 

Problem 7
Compute the velocity head of the jet in Figure 4-03 if D₁ = 75 mm, D₂ = 25 mm, the pressure head at 1 is 30 m of the liquid flowing, and the lost head between points 1 and 2 is 5 percent of the velocity head at point 2.