Relationship Between Central Angle and Inscribed Angle

Central angle = Angle subtended by an arc of the circle from the center of the circle.
Inscribed angle = Angle subtended by an arc of the circle from any point on the circumference of the circle. Also called circumferential angle and peripheral angle.
 

Figure below shows a central angle and inscribed angle intercepting the same arc AB. The relationship between the two is given by
 

$\alpha = 2\theta \, \text{ or } \, \theta = \frac{1}{2}\alpha$

 

if and only if both angles intercepted the same arc. In the figure below, θ and α intercepted the same arc AB.
 

The Circle

The following are short descriptions of the circle shown below.

Tangent - is a line that would pass through one point on the circle.
Secant - is a line that would pass through two points on the circle.
Chord - is a secant that would terminate on the circle itself.
Diameter, d - is a chord that passes through the center of the circle.
Radius, r - is one-half of the diameter.