Need this badly today

What work is done on a level track in bringing the velocity of a train weighing 200metric tons from zero to 45 kph, if the frictional resistance at any velocity is 45N/ton, and if the change in speed is accomplished in length of 1000m? (Ans. 26780.95 KN/m)

C. If the track were a 1% upgrade, what would be the additional work to be done?

Value of a Bond

Value of a Bond
It is defined to be the present worth of all the amounts the bondholder will receive through his possession of the bond.

The bondholder will receive two types of payments which are:

1. Single payment which the owner will receive at the date of maturity of the bond, which is usually equal to the par value of the bond; and
2. The periodic payments for interest on the bond usually it is redeemed by the issuing corporations.

Formula for value of a bond: